Sourcing
Where to Manufacture Clothing: Pakistan vs China vs Turkey vs Portugal vs Bangladesh
By the TrueThreads factory team · Updated · 7 min read
Short answer
There is no single best country to manufacture clothing; it depends on your quantity, product and market. Portugal and Turkey are close to Europe and strong on premium jersey but cost more. China has the widest capability and supply chain but faces standard import duty in the UK and EU. Bangladesh is built for very large orders of basics. Pakistan is strong in cotton jersey, fleece and sportswear, offers low minimums from smaller factories, and its garments currently qualify for duty-free entry to both the UK and the EU.
Key takeaways
- Match the country to your order size first: very small runs rule out most high-volume factories.
- Portugal and Turkey: fastest to Europe, higher unit cost.
- China: broadest capability, usually no duty preference into the UK or EU.
- Bangladesh: lowest cost at very high volumes.
- Pakistan: cotton-based knitwear and sportswear, low MOQs available, duty-free access to the UK and EU at the time of writing.
Country comparison
| Country | Known for | Typical minimums | Duty into UK / EU* | Distance to Europe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pakistan | Cotton jersey, fleece, French terry, denim, sportswear and gloves (Sialkot) | Low MOQs available from smaller factories (from 30–50 pieces) | 0% / 0% under DCTS and GSP+ | About a week by air, 3–5 weeks by sea |
| China | Widest range: technical outerwear, knitwear, trims, accessories | Often 100–500+ per style; small-batch workshops exist | Around 12% / 12% (standard rate) | About a week by air, 4–6 weeks by sea |
| Turkey | Quality jersey, denim, fast fashion turnaround | Moderate | 0% / 0% under trade agreements | About a week by road |
| Portugal | Premium jersey and fleece, 'Made in EU' label | Small runs possible at premium prices | 0% under UK–EU agreement / none within EU | Days by road within Europe |
| Bangladesh | High-volume basics: tees, knitwear, denim | Usually high, often 500–1,000+ | 0% / 0% under DCTS and EBA | About a week by air, 4–5 weeks by sea |
*Duty treatment as understood in November 2026 and subject to rules of origin. Import VAT applies in all cases. Always confirm current rates with a customs broker; see shipping terms and import costs.
How to choose for your brand
- Under 100 pieces per style: look for low-MOQ cut-and-sew factories; these are most common in Pakistan, Portugal, Turkey and small-batch workshops in China.
- Heavyweight cotton streetwear: Pakistan, Portugal and Turkey all have deep cotton knit expertise.
- Technical outerwear or complex trims: China's supply chain is the most complete.
- Thousands of basic tees at the lowest cost: Bangladesh and large Chinese or Pakistani mills.
- Speed to a European warehouse: Portugal and Turkey are closest.
Why brands manufacture in Pakistan
- Pakistan is one of the world's larger cotton producers, with spinning, knitting, dyeing and stitching available locally.
- Sialkot is an established export cluster for sportswear, team wear and gloves.
- Smaller factories accept low minimums, which suits new brands.
- Garments of Pakistani origin currently benefit from duty-free access to the UK and the EU when origin rules are met.
What to check wherever you manufacture
Country matters less than the individual factory. Whichever you choose, verify the manufacturer, approve a physical sample and agree written terms before paying a bulk deposit.
Frequently asked questions
- Which country is best for manufacturing streetwear with a low MOQ?
- Low minimums for custom streetwear are most commonly offered by smaller factories in Pakistan, Portugal and Turkey. Pakistan combines low MOQs with cotton fabric expertise and, at the time of writing, duty-free access to the UK and EU.
- Is Pakistan good for clothing manufacturing?
- Yes. Pakistan has a large, vertically integrated cotton textile industry and is strong in jersey, fleece, French terry, denim and sportswear. Sialkot in particular is an established export hub for sportswear and team wear.
- Is it cheaper to manufacture clothing in Pakistan or China?
- It depends on the product and quantity. For cotton knitwear at small to medium quantities Pakistan is often competitive, and its garments usually avoid the roughly 12% standard import duty that applies to Chinese-made clothing entering the UK and EU.
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